Audit Plan- Glaxosmithkline - 4420 Words

Audit Plan- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Key business and audit risk: In order to make the report more efficient we must identify the key areas of business risk and auditing risk. Business risk can be defined as the risk, which could affect an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives (Gray and Manson, 2007). Audit risk is defined as the risk that the auditor gives an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated (Soltani, 2007). In Gray and Manson (2007)’s book Audit Risk can be split into three separate elements : 1- Inherent risk reflects the auditor’s opinion on the possibility of material misstatement on financial statement. 2- Control risk is the risk that internal control policies and†¦show more content†¦Firstly, misstatement via the means of non-existent sales or sales which have been realised in the incorrect period. Secondly sales may not be recorded in order to lower sales so provide evidence in further periods of higher growth than is actually correct. Thirdly sales could be incorrectly entered into the system providing incorrect figures. Therefore one would need to verify the sales books, and the controls in place to prevent errors either intentional or unintentional. Debts The level of debt that a company holds and their ability to repay this debt is an important risk factor for GSK. There is a higher risk for GSK than for some of its competitors, as GSK has a higher leverage than the likes of Pfizer and JJ (Financial Times, 2010). However this in itself can in some cases be more efficient as long as the entity has the cash flow in order to repay these debts. Therefore one has to ensure during the audit that GSK will have sufficient cash flows to meet its repayments for the year. Cash management Sufficient liquid cash in a company is important to defend against economic uncertainty. A small cash reserve/ cash flow, can be a control and detection risk, which may result profitable projects having to be scrapped or assets sold to increase cash flow Also one has to ensure that the book values for GSK’s debtor and creditors are correct and verified as they make up large sections of the balance sheet and a misstatement of these values wouldShow MoreRelatedGlaxoSmithKline In China CaseAnalysis Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesmainly imports and exports. In 1904, Joseph attained the rights to produce dried up milk which was later sold as baby food called Glaxo. GlaxoSmithKline got its name in the early 1990’s after Glaxo a pharmaceutical firm created in New Zeeland merged with SmithKline, which was also a Pharmaceutical, firm in the United Kingdom. Several years after the merger, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) became one of the largest drug manufacturers around, with an estimate of $22.5 billion in global sales and had over one hundredRead More An Analysis of GlaxoSmithKline Essay11294 Words   |  46 PagesAn Analysis of GlaxoSmithKline The business that I have done research into is GlaxoSmithKline. This company is a globalised research-based pharmaceutical public limited company. Its ownership structure has changed a great deal since the original company was first established in 1715. Originally a pharmacy, the company has expanded, merged with and taken over other companies over the decades. The last of these was the merger between Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, which formed theRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesDo more, feel better, live longer GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010 Contents Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212 Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resourcesRead MoreExample of Change Management3813 Words   |  16 PagesGlaxoSmithKline CHANGE MANAGEMENT GlaxoSmithKline The change situation that has been chosen is the cultural change and post merger integration of the Ramp;D department of the company in 2000. 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Headquarters: UK, with additional operational headquarters in the USA Global presence: about 160 countries Primary markets: USA, France, Germany, UK, Italy and Japan Employees: approximately 103,000 GSK key figuresRead MoreSupply Chain Sustainability at Gsk4373 Words   |  18 Pageschain process? ; How they achieve sustainability in the supply chain process? ; What are the major steps taken by GSK to collaborate with its suppliers in terms of economic and social sustainability? GLAXOSMITHKLINE - A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN A. Company Overview Mission: GlaxoSmithKline one of the worlds leading research-based pharmaceutical and healthcare companies is committed to improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer†.(Website) Read MoreStandard Costing Procedure and Cost Variance Analysis of Glaxosmithkline Bangladesh Ltd13705 Words   |  55 PagesInternship Report On Standard Costing Procedure Cost Variance Analysis: A Study on GlaxoSmithKline Bd. Ltd. Submitted To Mr. Syed Manzur Quader Lecturer Independent University, Bangladesh Chittagong Submitted By TASBEER AKTAR ABEER ID#0311022 Independent University, Bangladesh Date of Submission: 10th September, 2007 Letter of Transmittal Monday, September 10, 2007 To Mr. Syed Manzur Quader Lecturer, Independent University, Bangladesh Chittagong Sub: Submission of Internship Report.Read MoreMarketing Plan for New Pepsi Product Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesMarketing Plan: Phase Two The A-Team has introduced a new product called Pepsi Platinum for the company, PepsiCo, in Phase Two. This dissertation will identify segmentation criteria that will impact PepsiCo target market selection. This dissertation will describe the organizational buyers and consumers of Pepsi Platinum and factors that influence their purchasing decisions and discuss how these factors will impact PepsiCo’s marketing strategy. Finally, this phase shall analyze current competitorsRead MoreThe Innovation Challenge Through Transformational Leadership, Followership And Hrm Techniques Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesemployees is 61500 (AstraZeneca, 2015). Their main competitors are GlaxoSmithKline Amgen. The purpose of AstraZeneca is to promote scientific advancements through innovative science and sustainable development to provide life-changing medicines to patients. So, they have a clear vision: to be a global company which focused in core therapy areas (AstraZeneca, 2016). Besides, com pany’s main organizational structure including: Board, audit committee, remuneration committee, nomination and governance committee

Analysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 846 Words

Themes allow the author to write a story that conveys a positive message to the reader. Generally speaking, a story has multiple themes and there are many ways that the author uses to present the theme to the reader. And Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is not an exception to the rule. The poem uses imagery, juxtaposition of scenes, and the action of the characters to present the numerous themes to the reader and the presentation is done throughout the work. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the idea that in the world, there are man-made and natural rules that one must follow but in times, the two rules come in conflict with each other. By analyzing the two games played by Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the theme will be better understood. The first game that was played between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was the Green Knight’s challenge of stroking his neck and in return he will strike the challenger’s, Sir Gawain’s, neck. When the Knight offers the chal lenge, nobody accepts the challenge for King Arthur, forcing the King to accept the challenge. But Gawain states â€Å"I stake my claim. / This melee must be mine† (341-342). Then he goes on to ask for permission to be called. â€Å"Should you call me, courteous lord,† said Gawain to his king, â€Å"to rise from my seat and stand at your side, politely take leave of my place at the table and quit without causing offence to my queen, then I shall come to your counsel before this great court.† (343-357) The way that Sir GawainShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay2387 Words   |  10 Pagesthe fourteenth century poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The poem opens with allusions to Greek and Roman history and eventually sets the story on Christmas in Camelot with King Arthur and his knights of the round table. Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew and a knight in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faces trials and temptations that one would typically expect from a knight of the round table. Through careful and juxtaposed analysis of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and articles by reputable authorsRead MoreEssay Analysis of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1050 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, after Gawain ventures â€Å"into a forest fastness, fearsome and wild† (Norton, 311), he prays that he will be able to find â€Å"harborage† on Christmas Eve (Norton, 312). It is the middle of winter, and Gawain has been traveling in search of the Green Knight whose head he has cut off. After he prays and signs himself three times, Gawain finds a magical castle in the midst of a winter forest. He rides to the castle and is grantedRead More A Character Analysis of Sir Gawain as Presented In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight1426 Words   |  6 PagesA Character Analysis of Sir Gawain as Presented In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, the character of Sir Gawain is skillfully brought to life by the unknown author. Through the eyes of numerous characters in the poem, we see Gawain as a noble knight who is the epitome of chivalry; he is loyal, honest and above all, courteous. As the story progresses, Gawain is subjected to a number of tests of character, some known and some unknown. These tests tell us a greatRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight955 Words   |  4 Pagesthe classic medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight that is used to form a more captivating story and construct a deeper meaning to the plot. The color green certainly is a prominent color in the poem, especially with the Green Knight, who is literally green from head to toe. The Green Knight makes quite the entrance on his horse as he rides into Camelot disrupting King Arthur and his knight’s New Year’s Feast. The Green Knight has come to find out if the Knights of the Round Tab le are as loyalRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight940 Words   |  4 Pages In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the men and women appear to have different roles in the society. The men attempt to live a more noble life while emasculating the power of the women. Throughout the poem, women display hints of their potential through manipulation and trickery, traits that are uneasily recognized by men as growing power. Morgan la Fay manipulates the Lord Bercilak to assume the role of the Green Knight, and she uses him for revenge against Queen Guenevere. She engineered a planRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1054 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book The Discarded Image C.S. Lewis states that â€Å"the Middle Ages depended predominantly on books†¦reading was one way of the total culture.† To illustrate, imagine a young heroic knight, holding his sword in one hand and his shield in another. Standing in confidence, with a determined look upon his face before confronting his next challenge. Bravery is found in many interesting stories throughout the medieval ages. It is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as â€Å"courageous behavior or character† (OxfordRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1199 Words   |  5 Pagesfrequently depicted as a knight in shining armor, an image that originates from age-old literature such as the fourteenth-century Sir Gawain an d the Green Knight. In such literary works, the heroic knight has several virtuosic character traits: friendship, chastity, generosity, courtesy, and piety; however, he must also endure a quest in which his virtues are tested. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, three obstacles challenge the hero Gawain’s morals, including the Green Knight, the seductress, andRead MoreAnalysis of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight866 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† is the classic tale of a knight of the round table who takes up the challenge of the mysterious Green Knight. The poem begins with the Green Knight’s sudden arrival and his declaration of his proposition: a knight may strike him, and then a year and one day from then he will return the blow. This tale is most well-known for dealing with the themes of a knight’s code of chivalry, loyalty, resisting temptation, and keeping one’s word. While the whole poem is full ofRead MoreAnalys is Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe language of symbols plays a major role in medieval poetry â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† is no exception. The use of symbolism gives a writer the ability to draw important connections between items in their story and the audience. The poet behind â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† gives the reader a detailed description of the pentagram, his most important symbol, in order to form the key understanding of this poem. The narrator compares knightly ideals such as integrity, focus, and strengthRead More Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Analysis of Parallel Scenes636 Words   |  3 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Analysis of Parallel Scenes The anonymous author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was supposedly the first to have originated the alternation of temptation and hunting scenes, which both contribute importantly to the effectiveness of the poem (Benson 57). The two narratives are obviously meant to be read as complementary. Therefore, the parallel juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated episodes is the basic characteristic of the narrative. The narrative

Dbq Essay-European History-Assumptions on Children Free Essays

During early modern Europe, children were viewed in many different ways which changed how parents chose to raise their children. During the 1500’s, the mortality rates for children were high, therefore children were viewed as if they were adults and very precious if they survived, many people believed that they needed to treat children harshly to make them strong. In the 1600’s, children were raised tenderly as they were rational beings that could use reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq Essay-European History-Assumptions on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children were viewed in many ways during early modern Europe to be rational, precious, and in need of guidance where these views determined the parents’ choice in child rearing to behaving harshly to kind guidance. Society sought for guidance for their children in a very caring way. In a letter Martin Luther, a leader of the Protestant Reformation in the 1500’s, it is written that his thirteen year old daughter had just died and that he is very disheartened by the loss. He loves his respectful daughter. As a father and leader of the protestant reformation, Luther is disheartened at his daughter’s loss, but he loves and respects God taking her away (Doc 2). A common stereotype about women is their personalities and perceptions toward children. Traditionally, the female stereotypic role is to marry and have children. She is also to put her family’s welfare before her own; be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and sympathetic. Margaret Cavendish, a duchess, a scientist, and a philosopher expresses her sincerity and is apprehensive of how society should treat children to help them reach their potential (Doc 9). Through the knowledge of a philosophe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought that it would be best if you let children make their own decisions, because they will be stubborn if you try to stop them (Doc 12). Children’s Games, by Pieter Brueghel, displays the children absorbed in their games with the seriousness displayed by adults in their apparently more important pursuits (Doc 5). Another way people taught their children was through reasoning. Christoph Scheurl believed children are a great reward. He is biased though because he has a son himself and knows of the emotional attachment and bond bearing a child creates, he speaks with only gratitude and expresses his love of his child (Doc 1). Theoretically speaking though, Jean Benedicti â€Å"obligates the child to obey under pain of mortal sin. † Being a preacher, he expects a child to honor God and obey his wisdom (Doc 7). This follows the same circumstances stated in document 10. The English Catholic Gentleman expects highly of his daughter to have reliance on God and help her understand to make her amends to confess her sins to God. John Locke, a philosopher who wrote â€Å"Two Treasies on Government† writes that a person must reason with children to their capacity of understanding. As a member of the Enlightenment, Locke believes people are rational and tabula rasa (blank slates) where they can be taught what to do. Changing ideas of the1600’s into the enlightenment allowed for parents to treat children kindly and rationally (Doc 11). Although some parents taught their children in a kind manner beneficial for the child, some punished their children by putting a negative impact on their well-being. As depicted in document 3, it states that if a man truly cares about his child, he will whip him occasionally to make a man out of him. Generally, Russian households of the 17th century were harsh conditions to live under, therefore the nobility expected harsh discipline as a means to better their children. Michel de Montaigne expresses his opinion on children in a very different way though. He shows absolutely no passion or love for children. The tendency in his essays to digress into anecdotes and personal contemplations was seen as detrimental to proper style rather than as an innovation (Doc 6). In an autobiography, Benevenuto Cellini, a metal crafter and sculptor, writes that he visited his son that was born out of wedlock and abruptly left the boy crying as he didn’t want Cellini to leave. Since Cellini’s child was born out of wedlock, he will be treated harshly and will be shunned as accustomed of the 1500’s (Doc 4). As for Henry IV, he was whipped as a child. In a letter to the governess Madame de Montglat, Henry commands her to whip his six year old son every time he misbehaves. Whipping children was common for people to do during the 1500’s. As king of France, Henry IV wants his son to be strong when he heirs. He believes whipping him will make him a better person. Children were treated in different ways due to the accepted ideas and attitudes of the time from serfdom, the religion, the mortality rates and the Enlightenment. Being the precious gifts from God, children were being treated kindly and also harshly as they were objects as well. Different views of children and raising procedures change throughout history due to changes in secular ideas and different cultural movements. How to cite Dbq Essay-European History-Assumptions on Children, Essays

Insects as food free essay sample

In this country, it is looked at as uncouth or taboos to even consider such an act as consuming a cockroach or perhaps a grasshopper. This may all change if current ecological trends persist. Should a program be put into effect to begin integration of insects into the diets of Americans, for low cost, low impact sources of protein? The purpose if this paper will be to introduce the reader to the concept of universal integration (at least at some level,) of insect as a future protein, as well as a technological, and medical source. We will discuss the pros and cons associated with these topics in an unbiased intormative manor and allow the reader to decide tor themselves it it is indeed possible as a person as well as a society to overlook the gross factor associated with this topic, and see the benefits such an undertaking might hold. A considerable portion of the world lacks the means (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Insects as food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Land, water, food,) to produce large hoofed nimals such as cattle and pigs, which in European decent countries is considered the primary sources of food product. Instead they turn to select insect species that are raised in much smaller areas that require almost no space or food to produce, and unlike hoofed animals (cattle especially) have extra added benefits associated with their waste products. In the case of worms when feed newspaper they produce one of the most beneficial fertilizers known, thereby preventing heaps of paper from being dumped in to landfills, and also a means to economically produce higher yielding crops. For what it takes to bring one cow to slaughter (estimate 1200 lb X $1. 50 per lb. + gas+ raising expenses) the equivalent of insects could feed thousands. Comparatively insects cost pennies per pound to produce. Breading stock of edible type insects exist in masses over seas Currently, industry is not set up to readily produce insects in masses. The conversion of industrial equipment and production facilities would cost a considerable amount, there by adding to the price if initial production. Because insects are not currently a food staple of the U. S. A. , they would have to go through extensive testing by the F. D. A. and C. D. C. to evaluate the possible down sides of addition to food stocks. If we compare crickets to beef, the latter contains about twice as much protein per gram (12. 9 vs. 23. 5 grams per 100 grams). However, take note that beef also contains more than twice the calories (121 vs. 88. 2 calories per 100 grams) and almost four times the fat (5. 5 vs. 21. 2 grams per 100 grams) compared to crickets (F. V. Dunkel). Crickets (per 100 grams) contain 5. 1 g. carbohydrates, 75. 8 mg. calcium, 9. 5 mg. iron, 3. 10 mg. niacin, 1. 09 mg. riboflavin, 185. 3 mg. phosphorous, and 0. 36 mg. thiamine (F. V. Dunkel). From documented accounts (if prepared properly) the taste profile of most food type insects ranges from nutty to spicy Oadin). Insects can be vectors for disease, be poisonous, and can taste awful (Writer) (DeFoliart). Some insects such as cockroaches serve as vectors for passive intermediate hosts of vertebrate pathogens such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses or helminthes (Writer). Insects such as wasps, fire ants, bees, and some spiders have neurotoxins that can cause severe anaphylactic reactions, potentially resulting in death. Also, blister beetles contain the powerful poison cantharidin, which can be deadly to humans if ingested (Writer). Some insects are reported to have a sour taste that if not accustom to it can be found to be very off putting. This paper will go over the history of insect-based food in different cultures around the world. It will also diagram the protein, carbohydrate, fat, and vitamin content of a select group of food type insects, as well as the medical and industrial applications of their byproducts. Agricultural impact on production of insects as well as cost analysis of production at a microeconomic level will also be touched upon. This paper will discuss perceived stereo types associated with insects and what mpact it might have on the assimilation. I will also discuss possible negative effects that might arise trom the cultivation ot insects such as termites and roaches so close to our homes and business. It is of my opinion that given the current growth trend seen worldwide that it is a necessity to begin programs to familiarize people in Eurocentric cultures to the importance of diversifying protein sources. If programs could be integrated into schools, it is my belief that within time we would be able to develop wide spread cultivation of food sources that would make healthy food more accessible to the less ortunate of our society. In addition, along with the noted sustenance aspect there are also very appealing agricultural as well as medical advantages of the byproducts of rearing of insects. miet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth; Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind. liv 11;21(KJV) A program should be put into affect to begin integration of insects into the diets of Americans, for low cost, low mpact sources of protein. In a time of growing need, and lessening resources, we as a nation, need to begin exploring new options for sustainable protein sources. It is of my opinion that we should look to the consumption of insects, a time-honored tradition in over 70% of the world. This paper will review Just some of the pros and cons associated with the integration of bugs into the diets of Americans. It will show a nutritional, and somewhat of a cost comparison of one of the most readily available insects, the cricket, compared to what can easily be considered the favorite food source of Americans, the cow. Furthermore it will touch upon some of the agricultural as well as ecological advantages and disadvantages of raising insects along with what role the average person might play in the future if the industry. In addition, it will also touch upon some of the practical and medical uses of chitin, as well as some of the disadvantages linked with insects in general, such as disease, bad taste, and the general eww factor. I feel that upon review of this paper the reader will be left with some real food for thought for the direction we might proceed to in the future. Insects have been used as a food source since the dawn of time. Early primates used crude tools much as they do today to attain ants from holes. They foraged for termites in mounds and dyeing trees, and even on occasion whip up crude caterpillar martins to socialize and relax with their primate brethren (0k kind of Artistic license on that one). Evidence of mans consumption of insect can be dated back to biblical times, as seen in a quote from Leviticus, [Elven these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind. (Leviticus 1 1:22). Paleontologists are currently tudding the use of insects as food from the great basin region of North America, and have shown that insects were a large staple of the diets of the native people of that region present review lends to the conclusion that insects were commonly and extensively used and that they played an important part in fulfilling the nutritive requirements ot the Great Basin Indians (Sutten). And currently insect are consumed in most every second and third world country around the planet as a emergency ration or even a common staple of certain areas that lack what we would commonly see as food type animals (Sutten). This is illustrated in the book Man Eating Bugs, where the writer talks about some of the countries that normally dine on insect and some local recipes such as, witchetty grub dip from Australia, deep fried water bugs from Thailand, and spicy beetle grub from Cambodia. So it is clear that insects have existed as a predominant food source for some areas of the world since the beginning of recorded history and will remain as such for the foreseeable future. The insects may very well be the single cheapest most easily sustained source of viable food protein available in the world. For crickets, the time from growth and evelopment of the larvae, to an adult emerging from the last larval instars (stage) takes about 6 weeks (DeFoliart). Therefore, in the time it takes to bring the average grazed cow to slaughter (A grass fattened animal is often not ready for slaughter until 18, and upwards of 24 months (Sutten)) one could produce 12-14 cycles or more of edible cricket stock. In that time, enough food could be produced to provide for thousands of people. Another point being that cattle require acres of land for grazing, and massive amounts of water to be viably sustained, wherein insects do not eed humane conditions to thrive, and require very little water and food to reach maturity (Lardy). Where water conservation is one of the chef concerns of a growing planet, alleviating some of the stresses put on resources by the agricultural community (see diagram 1, 2, (Sez) and table 1-6 (Lardy)) is of a great importance and with insects deriving most of their water form the food they ingest it would be possible to provide for them with relatively little lost resources. Also, if in conjunction with the proposed insect rearing, there were a program to recycle fruit and vegetable aste from restaurants, as well as non-sellable produce from growers, possible tax breaks for business or return of dung as fertilizer to farmers, it would also alleviate some of the stresses put on by land fills and reduce costs on the farmers of insects. As for the availability of healthy food type insects, their everywhere. There are some economical down sides associated with this program however. For any sort of large- scale industrial production to take place, it would require the conversion of, or more likely building of, factories for growing and possessing. This would add to the initial ost of food insects, thereby possibly making them more expensive than they are worth. Currently insects are not approved industrially for human consumption in the USA, and therefore must undergo rigorous testing by the FDA to pass into the wide- spared production phase. The conditions for approval by the F. D. A. for human consumption are lengthy and rigorous. Safety review includes consideration of: (a) the probable intake of the additive; (b) the cumulative effect of all uses of the additive; and (c) the relevant toxicological data needed to establish its safety. The FDAs Judgment about whether to approve a new food additive for a particular use comes after a fair evaluation of the data,. In many cases, this approval process can take years of scientific testing and analysis only to result in a negative Judgment making it undesirable for large business to invest into such a chance venture. Another counter point being that we might be forced to import viable food stocks of untainted eggs and young as the wild stocks may contain parasites that would otherwise require numerous lost generations ot stock to assure non-contaminated breeding stocks. In a side-by-side comparison with some of the wests favorite food sources insects stack up pretty well. Taking a look at chart 2, we see; that the giant water beetle contains 19. 8g of protein, 8. 3g of fat, 2. g calcium, 16. 6g iron, and 162 cal per 100g and the caterpillar, 28. 2g protein, 35. 5g iron, and 370 calories per 100g. And in a direct side by side comparison of crickets to beef; [T]he latter contains about twice as much protein per gram (12. 9 vs. 23. 5 grams per 100 grams). However, take note that beef also contains more than twice the calories (121 vs. 288. 2 calories per 100 grams) and almost four times the fat (5. vs. 21. 2 grams per 100 grams) compared to crickets. Although analysis shows that crickets in particular are lower in fat, calories, and protein per gram the afor mentioned table shows that there are some species that are in fact higher in all these categories, caterpillars in particular would require less actual ingestion per 100g to satisfy the same level of calories, protein, and fat that beef would and again as mentioned earlier they are the larval stage if the insect life cycle meaning, it would take a far shorter amount of time to produce ounce for ounce. Bugs stack up pretty well against plants as well: analyses f 94 of the insect species consumed in Mexico also yielded high fat and caloric values. Soybeans [at 4660 kcal († 19 572 kJ) kg- 1] was the highest ranking non-insect food tested, plant or animal. Maize was found to have a value of 3700 kcal († 1 5540 kJ) kg- 1. Of the insects analyzed, 50% had a higher caloric value than soybeans; 87% were higher than corn; 70% were higher than fish, lentils and beans, depending on species and diet . Insect fatty acids are similar to those of poultry and fish in their degree of unsaturation, with some groups being rather higher in linoleic and/or linoleic acids, which are the essential fatty acids. Insects also contain a high percentage of chitin, which along with other medical benefits (discussed later) can be a great substitute for plant fiber in diets of those to poor to acquire healthy grains found in bread. Currently the Japanese are using chitin to boost the fiber content in their cereal chitin has been approved by the Japanese for use in cereals as a source of fiber and calcium . attached is a booklet called Cooking With Cicadas that goes over some recipes that in some cases Just add some insects to spice up an old favorite or in some cases completely substitutes for other proteins altogether. There are negative repercussions that steam from the eating of the wrong bugs, such as; some insects secrete toxins, produce toxic metabolites or accumulate toxic chemicals from food plants (Blum, 1978; Duffey, 1980; Wirtz, 1984). Defensive secretions that may be reactive, irritating or toxic include carb- oxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, ketones, esters, lactones, phenols, 1 A-quinones, hydrocarbons and steroids, among others. Phytochemicals accumulated by various insects include simple phenolics, flavin, tannins, terpenoids, polyacetylenes, alkaloids, cyanogens, glucosinolates and mimetic amino acids. Insects are also a source of injectant, ingestant, contactant and inhalant allergens (Wirtz, 1984; Gorham, 1991 ), and some insects serve as vectors or passive intermediate hosts of vertebrate pathogens such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses or helminthes. So if not scrutinized the eating of insects can result in inadvertent sicknesses and even permanent chronic conditions. Another disadvantage is that some insects contain powerful toxins that are used as natural defense mechanisms that can be irritating to some and down right deadly to others. One case in point is the Giant Japanese or Asian Hornet that according to the source as a higher concentration of the pain-causing chemical called Acetylcholine than any other stinging insect and an enzyme in its venom can dissolve human tissue. Also the blister beetle contains a powerful poison called cantharidin that can be deadly to humans if consumed. Understandably, these insects discussed may not be the first choice of the entomophagy entrepreneur, but never the less they can not be over looked. Yet another draw back to be considered is that insects must be handed in many ways like other arthropods such as lobster and crab. What is meant by this is hey must be cooked while alive, or very freshly dead, otherwise they secrete degradation chemicals that cause them to deteriorate rapidly, resulting in a profoundly pungent sour taste, which needless to say can be a huge draw back. I have tried to give as objective as an opinion as is possible given the nature of the content. In this, we have gone through Just some of the history behind insects as a staple of past and present, I have listed some of the economical and agricultural pros and cons associated with using insects, as well as the nutritional information for Just a hand full of insects currently available in stocks around the world. I have also attempted to touch upon some of the negatives associated with this topic such as some of the poisons that certain insects produce and secrete as well as some of the economical negativities that attempting to introduce this program might bring a bought. In summation it I feel that it would be very productive to begin familiarizing the population to the custom of eating insects and that integrated over time through cooking demonstration at schools and taste test in more populated areas, I think the idea could take hold. But ultimately it is for the reader to decide what they think. Diagramland 2 http://iw]ournal. m/insects-as-protein-supplement#comments (Table 1) lists estimated water intakes for lactating beef cows, dry beef cows, and bulls.

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The 13 Best Campus Jobs for College Students

The 13 Best Campus Jobs for College Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There are a lot of benefits to having a job while you’re a college student (besides just the extra cash, of course). Some of the most convenient jobs available are located right on campus. In this article, I’ll do a deep dive into the benefits of having a job in college before talking about exactly what you should look for to find good jobs for college students.Then I’ll get to the good stuff: a list of the best jobs out there and how to get one for yourself. Read on to learn more! Why Should You Have a Student Job, Anyways? So maybe you’re still on the fence when it comes to deciding whether a student job is right for you. It’s not a decision to be taken lightly - getting a job while you’re a full-time student isn’t for everyone - but there are definitely a ton of benefits to working while you’re in college. Here are the main benefits of finding a side gig. Make That Cash Perhaps the most obvious benefit that comes with a student job is, well, a paycheck. This money can help cover your personal expenses, pay for textbooks and transport, or even go towards tuition, room, and board. This can ease the financial burden of attending college, and maybe reduce the amount of money you owe in loans in the long run. The amount you can make will vary depending on a few important factors, including: Your hourly rate. Some jobs may start at minimum wage, but other positions that require more specialized work (think lab jobs, tutoring, etc.) could pay much more. The number of hours you work. You don’t want your schoolwork and extracurriculars to suffer, but you likely want to maximize the number of hours you work when possible. It'll take some trial and error to figure out how often you want to work. The average working student puts in about 19 hours a week,but you don't necessarily have to work as many hours to reap the benefits of a job. No matter your hourly salary or average number of hours per week, you’ll still be bringing in extra money (which is much better than no money). It’ll be up to you to figure out the balance between your school work and your job. You can read more about this balance by checking out our post on deciding whether to get a student job. Meet New People This is an especially relevant benefit for first-time college students who are looking to make new friends. If you get a job on campus, you’re likely to meet all sorts of people who you already go to school with.Depending on where you work, you may even get to meet university faculty, staff, or grad students. This could be a great opportunity for professional networking. I had a pretty awesome cafe job in college where I met a lot of new friends. I also interacted with professors, TAs, and graduate students regularly. It’s unlikely I would have been able to meet these people in any other setting. Build Your Resume College is the time when most people start to think about building professional experience.Good jobs for college students will help you develop skills and establish a professional reputation. You could start by looking for jobs that align with your professional goals and/or interests - for example, working in a lab in your academic department.If this isn’t a good option, don't worry! You can still build marketable skills for your resume with almost any job. Any leadership, management, or technical skill experiences, in particular, can help you get jobs in the future. Do Better in School This seems counterintuitive - how could a part-time job help you do better in school? It turns out that students who work about 12-15 hours a week do just as well or even better in school than those who don’t have a job. It may be that students who have student jobs are more ambitious or organized to begin with, which could explain why they tend to have better grades.Conversely, getting a job might force you to schedule your time a bit more wisely. There’s an old saying - if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it - that might apply in this case. Have Fun Not all good jobs for college students might be a blast, but if you’re working with a bunch of your peers, you’ll probably have a pretty good time while you work. A student job can serve as a great opportunity to socialize, and even to get away from schoolwork for a while. Back to my collegejob - not only did I have fun working with friends, but we also had parties and other get-togethers with co-workers after we’d closed up shop. Campus jobs can be pretty casual work environments, so it’s often appropriate (depending on the setting, of course) to take advantage of that in order to have a little fun. The Best On-Campus Student Jobs Nowthat we've talked about reasons to get a job, we can get to the list you've been waiting for: the best jobs you can find on campus.Although this list includes the most common positions available at schools, it isn't exhaustive - if you find a job you like that isn't listed here, it doesn't mean it's not a good opportunity! If you are interested in getting a student job, check out these greatpositions to look for. Administrative Assistant There are so many different places for a student to work as an admin assistant on campus. You find these jobs in places like libraries, academic departments, and admissions offices. Some busy professors might also seek personal admin assistants. These jobs probably won’t be very high-paying, but they tend to be low-stress and pretty casual. Ifyou work in an academic department that you’re interested in, you'll have the opportunity to develop some valuable professional connections. Barista I know this is the stereotypical college student job, but hear me out! If you’re a coffee lover (or even if you aren’t), working as abaristaat a college cafe can be a fun, rewarding, and social job. Working as abaristais good training if you want a supplemental part-time job after you graduate. Also, you might even get free coffee at work - it doesn’t get much better than that. Who doesn't want to learn to make a latte like this? Fitness Instructor Many colleges and universities have on-campus fitness centers that offer different types of classes, including yoga, pilates, Zumba, spin, and more. If you’re certified to teach any of these classes, and you enjoy exercise to begin with, you should definitely check this out. Fitness instructor jobs tend to pay a lot per hour, although you may not have the opportunity to work many hours per week. A huge benefit of a job like this? You can kill two birds with one stone: get your exercise in while you work! IT Assistant Schools always need IT help for students and faculty. You’d need some pre-existing skills in order to get a job like this, but if you’re good with computers or have even done IT work in the past, this would be a great fit. Check out your school's IT center for more info. Library Assistant Working in a library may not be very exciting, but it’s generally quiet and low-stress. Downtime is common, which means you can do homework and reading. There are also opportunities to interact with new and interesting people, especially if you chat with students and professors who are working on research.I worked in a library in college and made friends with an elderly librarian who liked to teach me words in Japanese!As "boring" as the library might be, you never know who you'll meet and what you'll learn. Lifeguard If you’re certified as a lifeguard, it’s a no-brainer to check out lifeguarding jobs. This suggestion only applies, obviously, if your school has pools on campus. Becauselifeguarding is a pretty specialized skill, you can expect these jobs to pay a bit more than your average student job. Mail Room Assistant Mail rooms areusually located very close to student dorms, which also makes them conveniently located if you need to run to work after you sleep through your alarm. But there are other benefits to working in the mail room - it's agreat way to meet other people on campus, for one. You also may have down time to work on other stuff, like catching up on your reading for classes. Museum Assistant Many colleges and universities have museums on campus, ranging from small specialized collections to huge, well-known galleries. If you're interested in any museum at your school - whether it's a museum of art, Semitic studies, natural history, Egyptology, or comparative zoology (the list goes on and on) - I would recommend stopping by to see if there are any available positions. I can't think of a cooler place to work! Research Assistant Research assistant jobs are great if you want to develop relationships with professors and/or grad students in your department. They're also a good way to explore interests in research and academia. A research assistant job might be very social (i.e. if you’re running research in the social sciences) or pretty solitary (i.e. if you’re working on an independent project in a chem lab). You may also have opportunities to develop very specialized skills, like using particular software programs or running special data analyses. These could serve you well when you apply to jobs in the future, even if they're just interesting things that set you apart from other applicants. Residential Advisor A residential advisor position is a good option for students who feel comfortable interacting with new people, solving social problems, and serving as part of a support network for their peers. Perks and benefits vary from school to school. You might not get paid in cash, but it’s common forresidential advisors to get free housing. In general, working as a residential advisor isn't a huge time commitment. Teaching Assistant (TA) Certain departments (most oftenmath and computer science departments) sometimes hire experienced upperclassmen to work as teaching assistants. This is obviously great teaching experienceand is a good option for students who are looking for a social, high-responsibility job in a subject that they like. It's also a great way to forge professional connections in your field. TAs responsibilities vary widely depending on their experience and the policies of the department and school - some might just grade papers whereas others might hold office hours or lead small classes. Teaching is a big responsibility, but it can also be a lot of fun. Tour Guide This is a very social job and is great for those who want to develop interpersonal and public speaking skills. If you work for the admissions office, you’ll get to interact with hundreds of students and parents that are interested in your school. There’s often summer work available, which is great if you want to take classes over the summer. It tends to pay pretty well, and many tour guides get to keep tips! Tutor Depending on what sort of organization you work for, this job may be one of the most lucrative options on this list. My only caveat? Freshmen don’t tend to have a ton of tutoring opportunities (because they’re at the bottom of the academic totem pole), but as students get older and take more classes, they develop more expertise in theirparticular majors. The more experience you have, the more in demand you'll be, the more money you can make. Because of this, tutoring tends to pay off even more if you stick with it through college (and even after you graduate). How Do You Find Campus Jobs? Excited to start working yet? Like I mentioned earlier, campus jobs tend to be a bit more casual than your average post-grad gig. That being said, there are a lot of things you should know about the process if you’re serious about seeking out a job. Here, I’ll go over the key things you should know about looking for jobs on your campus. These tips will get you started on the right track. Don't worry, the search won't be this hard. Use Your Personal Connections Your friends, classmates, and peers are all resources. They will be able to offer info on what jobs to check out (and what jobs to stay away from). If you're taking a class with a professor you like, don’t be afraid to approach them about lab or administrative openings. If they don’t have anything available, they could direct you to other professors that may need help. Familiarize Yourself With Campus Resources Chances are your school will have some sort of jobs database available. These databases tend to list both on-campus and off-campus jobs that would be appropriate for students. If you’re not sure how to access this, ask friends or classmates if they know where to find it. If you can’t get good info out of them, reach out to your school’s career center for more info. Check this database regularly - jobs on campus fill up fast, so if you see a job listing that interests you, pounce on it! Start the Process Early Campus jobs tend to hire pretty early in the semester, sostart looking for openings a few weeks before the semester starts. If you’re looking at something more specialized - a research assistant position, for example - don’t be afraid to reach out to professors and/or lab managers via email four to sixweeks before the start of the semester. Know Your Work Study Status Many jobs on campus prefer or require students to have federal work-study awards. You can check out your financial aid package to see if you have a work study award, and if so, how much you have available. If you don’t know how to access your financial aid award, call or email your financial aid officer. For more information on federal work study, check out ourcomplete guide to the program. Locking Down the Job You Want So you've checked out somejobs and found a listing that works for you. The next step is actuallygetting the job, right? The following tips will help you get the job you want if you're offered an interview on campus. Your default should be a professional demeanor and business casual attire.You may be able to dress down a bit depending on where/with whom you’re interviewing - for example, if you’re interviewing at a casual cafe with a student manager. Take your cues from your interviewer. If he or she is more personable and casual, you can let your guard down a bit. If he or she is maintaining a very professional distance, you should do the same. Prepare for the standard interview questions, as well as any specialized questions that apply to that specific job. Examples include: Why are you interested in this job? Why do you think you'd be a good fit for this position? What are your strengths and weaknesses? Be prepared for strange interview questions as well. Casual interviewers sometimes ask more unexpected questions as a way to gauge your personality and fit.When I interviewed for an on-campus cafe in college, I was asked some funny questions, including â€Å"If you were a pastry, which onewould you be and why?† If someone asks a creative question, feel free to get creative with your answers. Don't reveal information that's too personal in an interview, no matter how friendly or casual the setting. Topics that you should steer clear of include significant others, complaints about past job experiences, and family issues. Conversely, don't ask your interviewer about personal information- this can be very off-putting. The more practice you can do before an interview - whether you practice with friends or roommates, or you talk to yourself in the mirror - the better. And if you don't get your dream job after your first interview? Don't let that get you down. Almost everyone has experienced at least one professional rejection - sometimes, certain positions have too many qualified applicants. Think of each interview you complete as great practice for the next one you schedule! Interviews, a.k.a. an excuse you'd have to change out of your collegiate sweatpants. What's Next? If you're considering getting a job in college,you're also probably thinking about balancing your budget. Start by learning more about the federal work study program and the sorts of jobs you can get with a work study award. If you're using your campus job money to help fund your college expenses, we have a lot of great guides for you to check out. Start with our complete guide to paying for college, before learning more about paying for college without loans and paying for college without your parents' help. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Personnel Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personnel Management - Assignment Example Personnel management requires a sound management since we need to evaluate the status of the personnel activities. This is because there are a number of functions carried out in the personnel department that include: recruitment, training, rewarding, appraising, dismissing etc. To run the personnel department, the concerned individuals need to know the entire organisation and all the employees qualifications needed for various positions. Hence, understanding of personnel management models and theories is very essential. Models and theories of personnel management assist our understanding of the role of personnel management in an organisation. Legge (1978) characterises four models of personnel management. The four models of personnel management includes: Normative, Descriptive-functional, Critical-evaluative and Descriptive-behavioural. In normative framework, the personnel manager speaks about employees in the context of teams, quality, empowerment and creativity. The underpinning of the manager's opinion, norms and values about the people who work for them are reflected in McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. (Storey, 1995) In a cold or harsh organisation, the firm's manager may be distant, erratic, and negative or cod. Their value may be coercive or exploitive as far as their behaviours are concerned. In such circumstances the personnel department: Keep salaries, wages and terms and conditions of employment very low They hire casual labourers only They behave with insensitivity towards employees The employees are supervised thoroughly as they work The employees do not develop deep seated trust in management because of the management behaviours. These norms and behaviours fall outside the welfare, participation and empowerment norms of the neo-human relations school which include: the welfare, participation and empowerment norms of the neo-human relations school which might include the following: Encouraging people to be part of a team Responding to the aspirations of individual members of the organisation Having employment policies that reflect broad societal needs for fairness and equity By seeking secure optimum utilisation of the human resources of the organisation by fitting the right people into the right jobs with the right rewards Putting emphasise on getting results through people by securing their commitment not by coercive or demanding means. The mangers behaving consistently and with sensitivity to the needs of others by applying sound planning, organisation, communication, motivation and controlling activities to acquire, develop, maintain and use the workforce effectively and economically. Normative emphasis may be pluralistic rather than unitary. Management's role and functional human resource management policies are emphasised even more where are different vested interests and a potential for conflict between groups whose objectives are different. Managers must manage conflict in professional ways being primarily responsible for taking the initiative, developing institutional relationships and mechanisms to anticipate problems and minimise the potential for damaging conflicts of right and interest, consulting and negotiating,

CURRENT ISSUES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS Essay

CURRENT ISSUES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS - Essay Example entions of the participants to seek health intervention, different methods used in primary care, the changes in the incidences of the disease under investigation, and the form of diagnosis. The study results showed that social marketing made most patients change their attitude through affirming that they would visit a practitioner and receive an X-ray process. The study registered a 20% increase in the rates of X-rays among the cancer patients. The results of the study showed that people would change their attitude towards evolving trends with the increase in the level of awareness or promotion. This is an affirmation that early awareness strategies and recognition initiatives facilitates health improvement. However, the study did not follow up to confirm the sincerity of the study participants to confirm whether they really visited the practitioners or they were just agreeing verbally. Additionally, the study was not fully inclusive because it only focused on areas with high cancer rates. The study asserts that two-thirds of the deaths caused by diseases to the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as cancers. Most of the deaths are registered in developing countries. This calls for urgent preventive strategies that reduces the rate of spread or positively changes the people’s attitudes towards medication. Some of the strategies suggested by the study include control of tobacco and alcohol use through increasing taxes, regulating sales and most importantly, banning advertisements related to tobacco or alcohol promotion. Increased prices of alcohol and tobacco products resulting from increase in taxation as well as regulations discourage users. This promotes the impact of health related strategies. The study posits that increase in negative promotion leads to subsequent rise in the consumption of the product being advertised. Ezzati and Riboli suggest that advertisements should only focus on the strategies geared towards educating the public on the

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Term Paper

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication - Term Paper Example Communication is particularly important during times of crisis or emergency, especially during cases related to health and wellbeing. Through effective crisis and emergency communication, the community or group in question can aid in the dissolution of problems, but a failure of communication during a crisis can compound the problems. This is because sound crisis communication is necessary to the process of intervention planning (CDC 11). Well-planned and executed emergency risk communication, which is blended into the different phases of the crisis response continuum, can increase the potential of addressing the crisis, particularly where the resources available for risk resolution are limited and should be channeled to areas where they are critically needed (CDC 13). Crises necessitating groups or organizations’ to employ effective risk communication Crises include national, multi-state investigations on disease outbreak, or the exploration of environmental crisis (CDC 14). Examples of these crises include waterborne, airborne, food borne, vector borne, chemical, toxic material, natural disaster, infectious agent, and radiological-related risks (Coombs 242). One example is the case of a natural disaster that requires the immediate attention of the government and other authorities. The agents of crisis communication could include the relief organizations that respond and provide aid to those affected by the crisis, or the NGOs that come to offer aid. The aid may entail retrieving the victims that are most vulnerable to the risks arising from the crisis situation. The second form of crisis is triggered by an unknown infectious compound, which has the potential to spread to other parts of the country or region. Examples include water-related and large-scale ecological crises. The third form of crisis, which requires effective risk communication, is site specific crisis, where the crisis takes place at a given area, and the crisis can be controlled at the site (Coombs 242). Examples include laboratory incidents, the death of an employee or a student at the campus grounds, hostage event at campus, bomb threats and a fire or explosion incident. The last form of crisis, which calls for effective crisis communication, includes terrorist attacks – whether chemical or biological – after the terrorist activities are suspected or declared (Combs 165). The risk of disaster or emergency is worsened by a number of factors that come into play within the society with each requiring effective crisis communication, and in a timely manner, in order to avoid the expansion of the threat to a larger group. These factors include the global increase in population density, the increment of settlements at risk-prone locations, the increment of technological risks in the society, and the emergency of infectious illnesses. Other factors include the increment of international travel and the escalating threat posed by terrorism globally (Coombs 2 41). Due to the increase in the risk factors that contribute to the development of a crisis in society, risk communication is required at any site of emergency or risk. Crisis communication – for this context – is defined as the process of communicating about the situation facing the given organization or setting, to the stakeholders of the organization and the public (Combs 164). Crisis or emergency communication is initiated after the incidence of an emergency, crisis or a disaster. Emergencies, crises, and disasters have one thing in common, which is that they all relate to the incidence of an adverse event, which has either taken place or which is taking place. After any event, which is adverse or unexpected happens, it is possible to refer to the given incidence as an

Critical Evaluation Of The Project Management Office Construction Essay

Critical Evaluation Of The Project Management Office Construction Essay PMOs are commonplace in medium to large construction companies. Evaluate the role of the PMO with particular reference to the benefits and disbenefits that they bring to a project organisation. Setting up a PMO within an organisation the following four must be incorporated: Project Planning involves the whole scope and aspects of the project, which would include timeframe, size of project and resources. Project scheduling This involves a detailed timeframe of each procedure that will take place during the timeframe of the project, which is normally done by means of MS Project. Risk analysis Detailing of the possible risks which are associated with a particular project, evaluating their possibilities into high, medium and low. This must incorporated into a spreadsheet and continually monitored. Project Tracking A monitoring procedure which will incorporate status of weekly procedures in management and the projects schedule plan. The services a Project Management Office provides to a construction company are as follows: Establishing a foundation for adequate project management procedures which will be implemented throughout the entire organisation in specific areas such as risk analysis, construction project selection and the software which will most suit the company. Evaluate the current project management system in relation to its development and continually improve in the areas where most needed. Provide training to the project managers and continually update their skills and needs into maintaining an established workforce. Provide knowledge to the PM on administrative skills. As previously discussed incorporate an estimation and risk analysis system into the organisation, which should be reviewed and managed to identify any problematic issues which may arise. Develop the companies ability to change, expand and increase with there scope of project, costs and timeframes. Review the lifecycle of a project towards the companys prospects at reaching the projects goals. Preserve documents in a database which can be easily traced back for future reviews. Provide communication and linkage technology between PM and staff to have more specific information in relation to specific which requires a lot of detail like design. Finishing a project with an adequate quality standard which may result in future work from the current client. Continually examine projects which are currently being developed by the construction company and report the information to main management for the appropriate decision. This method should be repeatedly done until project completion. There are 3 different forms of project management office which a construction company can incorporate into their organisation and they are as follows: Supportive PMO This form of PMO is used to help project managers and staff to deliver projects more successfully, by means of providing knowledge, training and the resources which are needed to enable the company to solve problems at a quicker rate. The supportive form is used in the following areas: If the organisation is relatively new. Not used in the long run but are the best place for an organisation to start. Controlling PMO This form of PMO is used where a more of a monitoring approach is needed to take control of the project and the company. It is used to provide a certain standard which is required in details such as audits, project reviews and attain the risks which may be a threat a project. The controlling form is used in the following areas: The supportive form is used in the following areas:If the supportive service is not enough for the organisation and a more heightened approach is needed. If project need to be addressed on an individual basis and the best practices which are needed to complete the project successfully Directive PMO This form of PMO is used to take over the whole of the project and is a more of a commanding approach to the running of the project. The main leader within the directive approach is the PMO directive and the project manager report to them with project related issues. The directive form is used in the following areas: Can be considered the most advantageous of the three for its direct outcome of high detailed and high risk project. Where a great deal of professionalism is needed. A consistent result is needed across the whole project. To decide which form of PMO which would bring most value to the medium to large construction organisation, the following has to be taken into consideration: The history of the company and what kind of approach which would bring most value to the company. What size the company is and what the company future plans are. A PMO can sometimes be confused with a PM, but although this is where the PMO stems from, there are many differences. The differences between role of the project manager and PMO are as follows: A PM will focus on specific task, while the PMO will focus on the overall scope of the project and the continuous changes to better the company. A PM controls a particular project and uses the resources which are assigned to them, while the PMO can be assigned various tasks across the entire company and optimises the resources of the entire company. Advantages of PMO There are several different advantages which can be ascertained by having a significantly adequate PMO incorporated into an organisation and they are as follows: The recommended industry guidelines are followed rigorously by the PMO, which is a major benefit when it comes to the required standard needed for a project. This standard can be seen in areas such as estimation, risk analysis and budget. An increased dedication will be given by the project manager and the team of the organisation. Procedures which are both apart of an organisation and a project will be performed in a consistent and standardised way. This method will also be an advantage in measuring the succession of a project by measuring the project performance using quantitative measures. A vast knowledge will be ascertained from previous projects and learning to face challenges from future similar projects. Disadvantages of PMO There are several disadvantages which a PMO can bring to an organisation and they are as follows: A considerable amount of commitment is needed from the entire organisation for a PMO to be incorporated successfully and to achieve the desired goals. This can also prove to be a difficult feat when resources are in short supply. Resistance from clients to believe in the PMO can also be another difficult feat and greatly depend on the knowledge and level of management maturity which they have encompassed. Friction between clients and project managers can be generated from lack of commitment from either side. The time needed to incorporate a PMO into an organisation can be vast, due to the amount of developments, processes and the general changes that may need to be integrated into a small to medium organisation. To incorporate a PMO and get the desired goals which are needed for the succession of the construction company there are several elements which are needed to be developed.

Homosexual Couples Essay -- essays papers

Homosexual Couples Argument Essay We Can Do It, Why Can’t They? In the world now there are different kinds of partners: Black, White, Interracial, Straight, Gay, etc. But like many people, in the world, not everyone is accepted. Many people do not except Homosexuals for the reason that they are different from us. People would say that Homosexuals choose to live a â€Å"non normal† life. But they are people just like us. They have a heart just like we do, but they choose to put their heart towards their own sex. Society develops fears of homosexuality do to the belief that it disrupts the family, promotes pedophilia, child slavery, contributes to the moral decline of society and is a form of emotional illness (Grigg 85). This â€Å"homophobia† is a phenomenon of American culture (Cornett 140). It is my belief that society should learn to accept homosexuality and homosexual relationships. The September 14, 1992, issue of Newsweek published a poll revealing that most Americans still regard homosexuality as unacceptable (Grigg 80). By the most reliable estimate, Homosexuals account for about two to three percent of the population (Grigg 85). Before European contact most Native American societies viewed Homosexuals as important members of their communities (Tafoya 86). Significant minorities of men and women, one to five percent, are attracted exclusively to members of their own sex (LeVay and Hamor 121). Many gay people have responded to social pressures against homosexuality by â€Å"centering,† by discovering living according to their own values. An intense quest for identity, purpose and meaning often begins quite early, certainly by the time young homosexuals begin to appreciate the tremendous social pressures... ...am Norman. â€Å"Society should not tolerate homosexuality†. Human Sexuality. Greenhaven Press, Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1995 Cornett, Carlton. â€Å"Homosexuality is Normal Sexual Behavior†. Human Sexuality. Greenhaven Press, Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1995 Tafoya, Terry. â€Å"Society Should Celebrate all forms of Sexuality†. Human Sexuality. Greenhaven Press, Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1995 LeVay, Simon and Hamer, Dean. â€Å"Evidence for a Biological Influence in male Homosexuality†. Human Sexuality. Greenhaven Press, Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1995 Freedman, Mark. â€Å"Homosexuals Contribute to Society†. Sexual Values. Psychology Today Magazine. Greenhaven Press Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1975. Gold, Ronald. â€Å"Homosexuals Have the Right to Live Openly†. Sexual Values. Gay Rights is a First Amendment Issue Civil Liberties. Greenhaven Press Inc.: San Diego, CA, 1982.